Knowledge
Planning figures, answers and terms.
Reference material for owners, architects, engineers, PMCs and operators planning kitchens, laundries and back-of-house. Figures are indicative. Every VCD programme is built from the project's own covers, cuisines and service styles.
Kitchen area planning
How much kitchen a restaurant, banquet or hotel needs, by service style.
| Parameter | Figure | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| Fine dining, à la carte | To be published | per cover unless stated |
| All-day dining with buffet | To be published | per cover unless stated |
| Banquet finishing kitchen | To be published | per cover unless stated |
| Main production kitchen, hotel | To be published | per key |
| Show kitchen, guest-facing | To be published | per cover unless stated |
| Staff cafeteria kitchen | To be published | per meal served |
Laundry sizing
Linen loads, tonnage and the in-house versus outsourced decision.
| Parameter | Figure | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| Linen per occupied room, five-star | 10 kg / day | Published VCD benchmark |
| Linen per occupied room, ultra-luxury | 15 kg / day | Published VCD benchmark |
| F&B linen per cover | To be published | |
| Laundry area per tonne per day | To be published | |
| Break-even for an in-house laundry | To be published | keys |
Back-of-house areas
Heart-of-house as a share of the hotel, and how it divides.
| Parameter | Figure | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| Back of house to total hotel area | ~30% | Published VCD benchmark |
| Built area per key, luxury | ~1,585 sq ft | Published VCD benchmark |
| Circulation loading, guest and F&B areas | +35% | Published VCD benchmark |
| Circulation loading, public and BOH | +20% | Published VCD benchmark |
| Staff to keys ratio | 2:1 – 3:1 | Published VCD benchmark |
| Receiving and stores | To be published | per key |
| Staff lockers and dining | To be published | per staff member |
Services and block loads
Early figures for MEP consultants before equipment is selected.
| Parameter | Figure | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| Electrical load, all-electric kitchen | To be published | kW per m² |
| Electrical load, gas-led kitchen | To be published | kW per m² |
| LPG / PNG demand | To be published | kg/h per cover |
| Water demand, kitchen | To be published | litres per meal |
| Hot water, kitchen | To be published | litres per meal |
| Kitchen exhaust air | To be published | air changes / hour |
| Steam, laundry | To be published | kg/h per tonne |